凈化工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺是一(yi)種局部(bu)層(ceng)流裝置,能在局部(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)高潔(jie)度的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)。它由(you)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺、過濾器(qi)、風(feng)機、靜壓箱和支撐(cheng)體等組成(cheng)(cheng),采(cai)用過濾空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)區達到凈化除菌的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。室內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經預過濾器(qi)和高效(xiao)過濾除塵(chen)后以垂直或水平(ping)層(ceng)流狀(zhuang)態通過工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)區,由(you)于空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)沒(mei)有渦流,所(suo)以,任何一(yi)點(dian)灰(hui)塵(chen)或附著在灰(hui)塵(chen)上的(de)(de)雜(za)菌都能被排(pai)除,不易向別處擴散和轉移。因此,可使(shi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)區保(bao)持(chi)無菌狀(zhuang)態。
與沒有細菌室和打疫苗箱會比較,運行凈化處理事業臺有著事業環境好、運行簡單、沒有細菌特效穩定可靠、無酒精消毒制劑對人干擾、負載應用面積小且可轉動等優點和缺欠。這樣放置于沒有細菌室內吊頂運行,沒有細菌特效更快。其缺欠是報價奢侈,預過慮水器和更高效過慮水器還想要死期擦洗和換新。 高壓低壓飽和蒸汽無菌鍋高壓(ya)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)滅菌(jun)鍋(guo)是一個密閉的(de)(de)(de)、可以(yi)耐(nai)受一定(ding)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)層金(jin)屬鍋(guo)。鍋(guo)底(di)或夾層內盛(sheng)水,當水在(zai)鍋(guo)內沸騰(teng)時由于蒸(zheng)汽(qi)不能逸出,使鍋(guo)內壓(ya)力逐漸升(sheng)高,水的(de)(de)(de)沸點和溫度可隨之升(sheng)高,從(cong)而達到(dao)高溫滅菌(jun)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。一般在(zai)0.11MPa的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力下,121℃滅菌(jun)20~30min,包括芽孢在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)所有微生物均可被(bei)殺死。如(ru)果滅菌(jun)物品體(ti)積較大,蒸(zheng)汽(qi)穿(chuan)透困難,可以(yi)適(shi)當提高蒸(zheng)汽(qi)壓(ya)力或延長滅菌(jun)時間。
進行髙壓低壓消毒鍋有柜式、開式、手堤式等常見型,在微海洋生物學科學試驗室,源于最常見的是手堤式和開式進行髙壓低壓水蒸氣消毒鍋。和過熱蒸汽消毒鍋相對于,進行髙壓低壓消毒鍋的顯著優點是消毒所要的期限短、開源節流生物質、消毒恢復等。其瑕疵是售價很貴,消毒數量較小。 培養出箱培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)是培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)專用設備(bei)。制(zhi)熱(re)式培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)是由電(dian)爐絲(si)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)控制(zhi)儀(yi)合(he)成的(de)固定體積的(de)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)裝置,大小規格不一。微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)實驗室(shi)常(chang)用的(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)工作容(rong)積有(you)450×450×350mm3或(huo)650×500×500mm3,適用于室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至60℃之間的(de)各類微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。目(mu)前,隨著科學水平的(de)發展(zhan),培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)設備(bei)的(de)完善程度(du)和(he)(he)價(jia)格有(you)很大差別。有(you)各種結構合(he)理、功能齊全的(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang),如恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)濕培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)、微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)多用培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)和(he)(he)二氧(yang)化碳(tan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)等。有(you)的(de)用計算機(ji)控制(zhi),可(ke)選擇(ze)多條時間線變換溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差,從(cong)而克服了環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)影(ying)響,一年四季均(jun)能達(da)到培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要求的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。
微(wei)生物多用(yong)培養箱(xiang)是集加熱、制冷(leng)和(he)振(zhen)蕩于一體的微(wei)生物液體發酵裝置。工作室(shi)的溫度在(zai)15~50℃范(fan)圍內任(ren)(ren)意(yi)選定(ding),選定(ding)后經溫控儀自(zi)動控制,保持工作室(shi)內恒溫。同時設有可控硅調速(su)系(xi)統,振(zhen)蕩機轉速(su)可在(zai)1~220rpm范(fan)圍內任(ren)(ren)意(yi)調控。
干澡箱干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)用(yong)于除(chu)去潮濕物(wu)料(liao)內及器皿內外(wai)水分或其它(ta)揮發性溶液的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)。類型很多(duo),有(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)、滾筒式(shi)、套間式(shi)、回(hui)轉式(shi)等。微生物(wu)學實驗室多(duo)用(yong)箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang),大小規(gui)格(ge)不一。工(gong)作(zuo)室內配有(you)可活動的(de)(de)(de)鐵絲(si)(si)網(wang)板(ban),便于放置被干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)品。制(zhi)熱(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)式(shi)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)是(shi)有(you)電(dian)爐絲(si)(si)和溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)儀(yi)組(zu)成(cheng),可調節溫(wen)度(du)從室溫(wen)至300℃任(ren)意選擇(ze)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)采用(yong)導電(dian)溫(wen)度(du)計為敏感元(yuan)件(jian),配合晶體管(guan)(guan)和繼電(dian)器組(zu)成(cheng)自(zi)動控(kong)制(zhi)系統,克服(fu)了金屬管(guan)(guan)型熱(re)(re)膨(peng)脹控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)缺點。此外(wai),還有(you)真(zhen)空干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(配有(you)真(zhen)空泵和氣壓(ya)表),可在(zai)常壓(ya)或減壓(ya)下操作(zuo)。
搖床
搖(yao)床又稱搖(yao)瓶機,它是培(pei)養(yang)(yang)好氣性微生(sheng)物的(de)(de)小(xiao)型試驗(yan)設備或作為種子擴(kuo)大(da)(da)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)之用,常用的(de)(de)搖(yao)床有往復式和旋轉式兩種。往復式搖(yao)床的(de)(de)往復頻率一(yi)般在(zai)80~140次/min,沖程(cheng)一(yi)般為5~14cm,如頻率過(guo)(guo)快(kuai)、沖程(cheng)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)或瓶內液體(ti)裝量過(guo)(guo)多,在(zai)搖(yao)動(dong)時(shi)液體(ti)會濺到包扎(zha)瓶口的(de)(de)紗布或棉塞上,導致雜菌污染,特別是啟動(dong)時(shi)更(geng)容易發生(sheng)這種情況(kuang)。旋轉式搖(yao)床的(de)(de)偏心距一(yi)般在(zai)3~6cm之間(jian),旋轉次數為60~300rpm。
放在搖(yao)床(chuang)上(shang)的培養瓶(一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為三(san)角瓶)中的發酵(jiao)液所需(xu)要的氧(yang)是由空(kong)氣(qi)經瓶口(kou)包扎的紗布(bu)(一(yi)般(ban)(ban)8層)或(huo)棉塞通(tong)入的,所以氧(yang)的傳遞與瓶口(kou)的大(da)小、瓶口(kou)的幾何形狀(zhuang)、棉塞或(huo)紗布(bu)的厚度(du)和密度(du)有關。在通(tong)常情況(kuang)下,搖(yao)瓶的氧(yang)吸(xi)收系數取決于搖(yao)床(chuang)的特性(xing)和三(san)角瓶的裝(zhuang)樣量。
回轉式搖床是借助曲柄的原理帶動力搖床作回轉運功,后殼為金屬制或木質的長方框子,有長層至二三層塑料托盤價格,塑料托盤價格上小圓孔備放致力于瓶,孔中外凸一直角三角形形可塑橡皮,從而固定的致力于瓶并才能減少瓶的共振,傳動鏈貸款機構應該分為五級傳動帶輪減慢速度,變換變頻調速傳動帶輪可改進回轉次數。軸力輪上開了有差異 的軸力孔,并能緩解軸力距。回轉式搖床的次數和軸力距的程度對氧的吸收能力有顯著的的的影響。 選轉式搖床是使用選轉的剪力輪軸使餐盤扭動,餐盤有顆層或多層,可以用不銹鋁合金板、鋁塑板或鐵質板加工。在三大剪力輪軸里裝有地腳螺栓能調節左右,使餐盤穩定水平面。在這種搖床結構特征復雜性,造價格高。其的特點是氧的交換較高、馬力總量小、培養教育基不能濺到瓶口的棉球上。 電子顯微鏡 益生菌工程員工自身細微,可以通過電子電子顯微鏡也能探究模糊不清它的員工自身結構類型和血細胞結構類型。所以,在益生菌工程學的各類論述中,電子電子顯微鏡就變成 必不可卻少的軟件工具。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)種類(lei)很(hen)多,根據其(qi)結構,可以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)光學顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和非光學顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兩(liang)大(da)類(lei)。光學顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)又可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)式(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和復式(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。最(zui)(zui)簡單(dan)(dan)的(de)單(dan)(dan)式(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)即放(fang)大(da)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(放(fang)大(da)倍數(shu)(shu)常在10倍左(zuo)右(you)),構造復雜的(de)單(dan)(dan)式(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)解剖顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(放(fang)大(da)倍數(shu)(shu)在200左(zuo)右(you))。在微(wei)(wei)生物學的(de)研究中,主要是復式(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。其(qi)中以(yi)普(pu)通光學顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(明視野顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)常用。此外,還有暗(an)視野顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、相差(cha)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、熒光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、偏(pian)光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫外光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和倒置顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)。非光學顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。
接種疫苗箱接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分為固(gu)體(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)液體(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。固(gu)體(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是一個用木(mu)料和(he)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)制成或由(you)有(you)(you)機玻(bo)璃(li)(li)焊接而成的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)閉小(xiao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。又分為雙(shuang)人和(he)單人操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)可(ke)大可(ke)小(xiao),一般箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)長約(yue)143cm,寬86cm,總高154cm,支架76cm。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)上部(bu)左(zuo)右兩側(ce)各(ge)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)兩扇能啟(qi)閉的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)推拉門,方便菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)出(chu)。窗的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)部(bu)分別設有(you)(you)兩個直徑約(yue)13cm的(de)(de)(de)圓洞,兩洞的(de)(de)(de)中心距(ju)離為52cm(同肩寬),洞口裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)帶(dai)松緊帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)袖套,以防(fang)雙(shuang)手(shou)在(zai)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)操(cao)作(zuo)時,外(wai)界空氣進(jin)入箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)造成污染。操(cao)作(zuo)時兩人相對(dui)而坐,雙(shuang)手(shou)通過袖套伸(shen)入箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩側(ce)最好也裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上玻(bo)璃(li)(li),箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頂部(bu)為木(mu)板或玻(bo)璃(li)(li)。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)頂部(bu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)紫外(wai)線殺菌(jun)(jun)(jun)燈(deng)和(he)照明用日光燈(deng)各(ge)一支。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)木(mu)板或玻(bo)璃(li)(li)均可(ke),但要注意密(mi)封。
液體菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)是專為(wei)移(yi)接(jie)液體菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)。比(bi)固體菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)窄長(chang),單側兩(liang)(liang)人操(cao)作。內(nei)設(she)(she)軌道和紫外(wai)線(xian)燈(deng),箱(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)開有(you)高25cm,寬10cm的(de)(de)長(chang)方形出(chu)(chu)口,方便(bian)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)出(chu)(chu),洞口設(she)(she)有(you)小推門。進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口下處設(she)(she)蒸(zheng)汽源,接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時用蒸(zheng)汽封(feng)住進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口,以防雜菌(jun)進(jin)入箱(xiang)內(nei)。箱(xiang)背面(mian)設(she)(she)有(you)液體菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)接(jie)管(guan)能進(jin)入的(de)(de)小孔。
接種(zhong)箱(xiang)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)時,用(yong)紫外線(xian)照射30min。如果沒有紫外線(xian)燈(deng),可用(yong)甲(jia)醛和高錳(meng)(meng)酸鉀(甲(jia)醛10~14mL/m3+高錳(meng)(meng)酸鉀5~7g/m3空間(jian))熏蒸30min以上。使用(yong)時,先(xian)將所(suo)需(xu)物品和工(gong)具放入接種(zhong)箱(xiang)內,然后進行藥劑熏蒸和紫外線(xian)滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun),再按無菌(jun)操作(zuo)進行接種(zhong)。接種(zhong)箱(xiang)的結構(gou)簡(jian)單,造價低廉,易消(xiao)毒滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun),操作(zuo)方(fang)便,而且人在箱(xiang)外操作(zuo),氣(qi)溫較高時也能作(zuo)業。缺點是進出培養基費(fei)工(gong)費(fei)時,每次(ci)接種(zhong)前都需(xu)要進行滅(mie)(mie)菌(jun)。
電冰柜 微生物實驗室的冰箱主要有兩種:普通冰箱和低溫冷凍冰箱。普通冰箱一般都具有兩個柜子,即鮮藏柜和冷藏柜,溫度分別為4℃和-20℃;低溫冷凍冰箱溫度一般控制在-40~-80℃。它們都可以用于微生物菌種保藏。鮮藏柜常用于保存斜面菌種,保藏時間在3個月左右。超過3個月,斜面就會變干,因此需要轉接菌種。如果要長時間保存菌種,則需要經過處理后,貯藏于普通冰箱的冷藏柜或低溫冷凍冰箱中,它們的保藏時間較長,一般都在1年以上。